Comprehensive cross-reference directory, statutory mapping, and procedural changes transitioning from IPC, CrPC, and Evidence Act to BNS, BNSS, and BSA.
Effective from 1st July 2024, India replaced its colonial-era criminal justice legislation with three modernized criminal major acts:
Indian Penal Code, 1860 replaced by Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (BNS).
Open IPC ↔ BNS Converter →Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 replaced by Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS).
Open CrPC ↔ BNSS Converter →Indian Evidence Act, 1872 replaced by Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (BSA).
Open IEA ↔ BSA Converter →Essential comparison of frequently cited sections in Indian courts:
| Legal Subject | Old Act Section | New Act Section | Key Legislative Shift |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cheating / Fraud | IPC Section 420 | BNS Section 318(4) | Consolidated fraud & cheating definitions with clear cyber components. |
| Arrest & Notice of Appearance | CrPC Section 41A | BNSS Section 35(3) | Prior permission of SP required for senior citizens and infirm persons. |
| Bank Account Seizure | CrPC Section 102 | BNSS Section 106 | Express mandate to report seizure forthwith to the jurisdictional Magistrate. |
| FIR Registration / e-FIR | CrPC Section 154 | BNSS Section 173 | Statutory recognition of Zero FIR and electronic FIR submission. |
| Electronic Evidence Admissibility | IEA Section 65B | BSA Section 63 | Mandatory schedule certificate requirements updated for modern digital formats. |
| Anticipatory Bail | CrPC Section 438 | BNSS Section 482 | Maintains Sessions and High Court concurrent jurisdiction. |
| High Court Inherent Powers (Quashing) | CrPC Section 482 | BNSS Section 528 | Full preservation of High Court powers to prevent abuse of judicial process. |
Under Article 20(1) of the Constitution of India (protection against ex-post facto penal laws):
Instantly look up old vs new sections with descriptions and penalty tables.
Have questions regarding how the new criminal codes impact your pending FIR, cyber complaint, or trial proceedings? Speak to senior High Court advocates.
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