Evidence Law • Electronic Records
IEA to BSA & BSA to IEA Evidence Converter
Comparative section converter between the Indian Evidence Act (IEA, 1872) and Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA, 2023). Includes statutory rules for electronic records, digital signatures, and Section 65B ↔ Section 63 certificates.
Electronic Evidence: Section 65B IEA vs Section 63 BSA
Under the new Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA, 2023), electronic records are elevated to primary evidence (Section 57 BSA) when stored simultaneously across multiple electronic storage devices. For secondary electronic records (printouts, CDs, hard drive copies), Section 63 BSA replaces Section 65B IEA with a streamlined Schedule certificate.